Data Sources

Japanese dictionary data (JMdict)

This publication has included material from the JMdict dictionary files in accordance with the licence provisions of the Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group (EDRDG). See www.edrdg.org.

English meanings of Japanese words come from JMdict (English edition 3.6.2, dated October 5, 2026) under the EDRDG licence and CC BY-SA 4.0. The JMdict files are the property of James William Breen and the EDRDG. LangBytes claims no copyright over that material, and language data derived from it is shared under the same licence.

Kanji dictionary data (KANJIDIC2)

This publication has included material from the KANJIDIC2 dictionary file in accordance with the licence provisions of the Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group (EDRDG). See www.edrdg.org.

Kanji readings, English meanings, stroke counts, school grades and frequency ranks come from KANJIDIC2 (database version 2026-278, dated October 5, 2026) under the EDRDG licence and CC BY-SA 4.0. LangBytes claims no copyright over that material, and language data derived from it is shared under the same licence.

Radicals (Kanji alive)

Radicals, their names and meanings, their positional forms and the radical each kanji is filed under come from Kanji alive by Harumi Hibino Lory and Arno Bosse, licensed under CC BY 4.0.

JLPT vocabulary lists

The JLPT N5 word list and its level come from the vocabulary lists by Jonathan Waller at tanos.co.uk, licensed under Creative Commons Attribution.

Wiktionary

Some Japanese entries cite fixed revisions of Wiktionary pages by Wiktionary contributors, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Korean vocabulary and reference resources

Korean beginner meanings are LangBytes-authored drafts, pending linguistic attestation. Coverage and beginner levels were checked against archived LangBytes inventories; their original external list source is unverified. Hangul and the Korean specialist graph are LangBytes in-house work.

Related licensed resources: the National Institute of Korean Language’s 한국어 학습용 어휘 목록 (2003), released under KOGL Type 1, and 한국어기초사전 (krdict), licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 KR. This release does not import either resource or reproduce krdict definitions.

Chinese dictionary data (CC-CEDICT)

Chinese definitions from CC-CEDICT, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Chinese character data (Unihan)

Unicode Han Database (Unihan), © Unicode, Inc., used under the Unicode License v3.

HSK vocabulary levelling (complete-hsk-vocabulary)

HSK vocabulary levelling from complete-hsk-vocabulary by drkameleon, MIT.

English vocabulary and CEFR levelling (CEFR-J and Octanove)

English-target vocabulary levels and headwords for the Japanese-to-English corridor use the CEFR-J Wordlist Version 1.5 compiled by Yukio Tono (Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, via olp-en-cefrj) and the Octanove Vocabulary Profile C1/C2 by Octanove Labs, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Inflection and root data (Wiktionary via kaikki.org)

Slovak inflected forms and verb-aspect pairs, Marathi inflected forms, Russian inflected forms and stress-marked headwords, and Cebuano root headwords help group related word forms. They come from the English Wiktionary by Wiktionary contributors, extracted by wiktextract and served by kaikki.org, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. The derived tables are shared under the same licence, with source-specific attribution preserved.

Slovak and Russian word frequencies (FrequencyWords)

Slovak and Russian word frequencies from FrequencyWords by Hermit Dave, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0, counted from OpenSubtitles.

Marathi example sentences (Tatoeba)

Marathi examples and their directly linked English translations come from Tatoeba contributors under CC BY 2.0 FR. Each example preserves both contributors and links to the unchanged original sentences in its graph source citation.

Cebuano word recordings (Lingua Libre / Wikimedia Commons)

Covered Cebuano words use recordings by native-declared speaker Howdy.carabao from Wikimedia Commons and Lingua Libre, individually released under CC0 1.0. Playback links identify the original recording. Uncovered words and phrases use an explicitly labeled Filipino voice approximation, not native Cebuano speech.

Written by LangBytes

LangBytes authors the original kana descriptions, grammar explanations and examples identified as LangBytes content, and chooses which kanji each level teaches. Licensed third-party examples are attributed separately above. Published reference-only lists inform coverage, never copied wording or examples.